SPIRONOLACTONE

Potassium sparing diuretic

Dosage Forms

Tablet

50 mg

Uses

  • Oedema and ascites in hepatic cirrhosis
  • Malignant ascites
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Primary aldosteronism

Dose and Duration

Oedema and ascites in liver cirrhosis

Adult: 100–400 mg daily, adjusted according to response.

Child 12–18 years: 50–100 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses; up to 9 mg/kg daily (max 400 mg daily) in resistant cases.

Child 1 month–12 years: 1–3 mg/kg daily in 1–2 divided doses; up to 9 mg/kg daily in resistant ascites.

Neonate: 1–2 mg/kg daily in 1–2 divided doses; up to 7 mg/kg daily in resistant ascites.

Malignant ascites

Adult: 100–200 mg once daily, increased to 400 mg once daily if required; maintenance dose adjusted to response.

Child and neonate: dose same as in cirrhosis.

Nephrotic syndrome

Adult: 100–200 mg once daily.

Child and neonate: dose same as in cirrhosis.

Congestive heart failure with oedema

Adult: 100 mg in single or divided doses. Dose ranges from 25 mg to 200 mg. Maintenance dose is determined according to response.

Child and neonate: dose same as in cirrhosis.

Moderate to severe heart failure

Adult: 25 mg once daily increased to 50 mg once daily according to response.

Child and neonate: dose same as in cirrhosis.

Resistant hypertension

Adult: 25 mg once daily.

Primary hyperaldosteronism in patients awaiting surgery

Adult: 100–400 mg daily; use lowest effective dose for long-term maintenance.

Contraindications

  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Acute renal insufficiency, severe renal impairment, anuria
  • Concomitant use with potassium sparing diuretics
  • Addison’s disease
  • Hypersensitivity to spironolactone

Side Effects

  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hyperchloraemic acidosis
  • Dehydration

Interactions

  • Digoxin (increased plasma concentration of digoxin)

Pregnancy

  • Can be used

Breast-feeding

  • Can be used

⚠️ Caution

  • Use in pregnancy only if benefits outweigh risks
  • Start treatment with the lowest dose and titrate upwards as required in the elderly to achieve maximum benefit