LEVOTHYROXINE

Thyroid hormone for replacement therapy

Dosage Forms

Tablet

100 micrograms

Uses

  • Treatment of hypothyroidism

Dose and Duration

Treatment of hypothyroidism

Adult: 50–100 micrograms once daily before breakfast; increased by 25–50 micrograms every 3–4 weeks according to response, up to maintenance dose of 100–200 micrograms once daily

In cardiac disease, severe hypothyroidism and patients over 50 years: 25 micrograms once daily increased by 25 micrograms every 4 weeks according to response up to maintenance dose of 50–200 micrograms once daily

Child 12–18 years: 50 micrograms once daily increased as required by 25–50 micrograms every 3–4 weeks until metabolism is normal up to maintenance dose is 100–200 micrograms once daily

Child 2–12 years: 50 μg once daily increased by 25 micrograms every 2–4 weeks until metabolism is normal. Maintenance dose of 75–100 micrograms daily

Child 1 month– 2 years: 5 micrograms/kg once daily (max 50 μg once daily) increased in increments of 10–25 micrograms every 2–4 weeks until metabolism is normalised. Maintenance dose, 25–75 micrograms once daily

Neonate: 10–15 micrograms once daily (max 50 micrograms once daily) increased in by 5 micrograms/kg every 2 weeks or as is necessary until metabolism is normalised. Maintenance dose, 20–50 micrograms daily

Contraindications

  • Thyrotoxicosis

Side Effects

  • Fever, flushing
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Weight loss
  • Restlessness, excitability, insomnia, headache, sweating
  • Diarrhoea, vomiting
  • Angina pain, arrhythmias, palpitations, tachycardia
  • Menstrual irregularities

Interactions

  • Warfarin (enhanced anticoagulant effect of warfarin)

Pregnancy

  • Can be used

Breast-feeding

  • Can be used

⚠️ Caution

  • Side effects usually indicate excessive dosage and often disappear on dose reduction or withdrawal of treatment for a few days
  • In patients with panhypopituitarism or predisposition to adrenal insufficiency, corticosteroid therapy should be instituted prior to levothyroxine treatment
  • The dose of insulin and other antidiabetic drugs may need to be increased