CIPROFLOXACIN

Broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial

Dosage Forms

Tablet

500 mg

Solution for IV infusion

2 mg/ml

Eye drops

0.3%

Uses

  • Urinary bladder infection
  • Acute pyelonephritis
  • Brucellosis
  • Anthrax
  • Typhoid fever
  • Pneumonia
  • Bacterial dysentery
  • Cholera
  • Genital ulcer disease (without blisters)
  • Prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis
  • Corneal ulcers
  • Superficial ocular infection

Dose and Duration

Urinary bladder infection
Adult: 500 mg single dose PO
Acute pyelonephritis
Adult:by mouth, 750 mg every 12 hours for 7–14 days

By IV infusion over 60 minutes, 400 mg every 8–12 hours

Brucellosis and typhoid fever
Adult: 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days PO

In chronic typhoid fever, treat for 4–6 weeks

Pneumonia, anthrax
Adult:by mouth, 500 mg every 12 hours for 5 days

By IV infusion over 60 minutes, 400 mg every 12 hours

Bacterial dysentery (first line) and cholera
Adult:Bacterial dysentery (first line) and cholera
Child:15 mg/kg every 12 hours for 3 days
Genital ulcer disease
Adult: 500 mg every 12 hours PO for 3 days
Prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis
Adult: 500 mg single dose PO
Corneal ulcers
Adult and child over 1 year: day 1; apply 2 drops into the affected eye every 15 minutes for the first 6 hours and then 2 drops every 30 minutes during both day and night time. Day 2; apply 2 drops in the affected eye every hour. Days 3–14; apply 2 drops in the affected eye every 4 hours (max duration of treatment 21 days)
Superficial ocular infection
Adult and child over 1 year: apply 1–2 drops 4 times a day; in severe infection apply every 2 hours during waking hours for 2 days, then 4 times a day for 14 days (max duration 21 days)

Contraindications

  • Children <12 years
  • Joint pain
  • Hypersensitivity to quinolones

Side Effects

  • Stomach upset
  • Headache, dizziness
  • Joint and muscle aches
  • In case of ocular application: Corneal deposits, ocular discomfort, ocular hyperaemia
  • Dysgeusia (distortion of the sense of taste)

Interactions

  • Artemether/lumefantrine (increased irregular heartbeat)
  • Ibuprofen (increased risk of convulsions)
  • Magnesium trisilicate compound (reduced absorption)
  • Iron salts (reduced absorption)

Patient instructions

  • Take at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking milk, other dairy products, magnesium trisilicate compound and iron salts
  • Drink plenty of fluids during treatment
  • Report immediately to the health worker if any severe joint or muscle pains occur
  • Discard remaining eye drops after 1 month from opening
  • In case of transient blurring of vision with eye drops, do not operate machinery or drive until vision clears
  • Do not touch the eye drops bottle tip with bare hands

Pregnancy

  • Do not use

Breastfeeding

  • Do not use

⚠️ Caution

  • Stop treatment in the event of joint pain; elderly are more prone to joint pain
  • Use half dose in case of severe kidney disease
  • Give with caution to patients with epilepsy due to risk of seizures
  • Discontinue use at the first appearance of a skin rash or any sign of hypersensitivity