ATROPINE

Antimuscarinic. Antidote for organophosphate poisoning. Eye drops are mydriatic

Dosage Forms

Injection

1 mg/ml

Eye drops

1%

Uses

  • Organophosphate poisoning
  • Control side effects of anaesthetics (excessive salivation and bronchial secretions)
  • Inflammatory conditions of the eyes (iritis, uveitis)
  • Cycloplegia (specialist use only)
  • Control effects of neostigmine in reversal of neuromuscular block (specialist use only)

Dose and Duration

Organophosphate poisoning
Adult: 2 mg IM or IV (according to the severity of the poi soning)
Child: 20 micrograms/kg per dose

Repeat dose every 20‒30 minutes until signs of atropinisation occur (pupil dilatation, hot dry skin, dry mouth, fast pulse)

Premedication before anaesthesia
Adult: by IV injection; 300‒600 micrograms immediately before induction of anaesthesia
Child: 20 micrograms/kg (maximum 600 micrograms)
OR

By SC or IM injection;

Adult: 300‒600 micrograms 30‒60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia
Child:20 micrograms/kg (maximum 600 micrograms)
Intra-operative bradycardia (low heartbeat < 50 beats/minute)
Adult: 300‒600 micrograms (larger doses in emergencies) by IV injection
Child 1‒12 years:10‒20 micrograms/kg by IV injection
Control effects of neostigmine in reversal neuromuscular block (specialist use only)
Adult and child >12 years: 600‒1200 micrograms by IV injection
Neonate and child up to 12 years: 20 micrograms/kg by IV injection (max 600 micrograms)
Iritis, Uveitis
Adult: Apply 1 drop in the eyes every 6 hours
Child: Apply 1 drop in the eyes every 8 hours

Contraindications

  • Angle-closure glaucoma
  • Pyloric stenosis
  • Prostate enlargement
  • Paralytic ileus
  • Myasthenia gravis

Side Effects

  • Dry mouth, constipation
  • Blurred vision, eye irritation when looking at light
  • Raised intra-ocular pressure, oedema and conjunctivitis after prolonged use
  • Dry skin
  • Difficulty in urination

Interactions

  • Amitriptyline (Increased side effects of atropine)
  • Chlorpheniramine (Increased side effects of atropine)
  • Promethazine (Increased side effects of atropine)
  • Chlorpromazine (Increased side effects of atropine)
  • Glyceryl trinitrate (Reduced absorption of sublingual gylceryl trinitrate due to dry mouth)
  • Metoclopramide (Reduced effect of metoclopramide)

Patient Instructions

  • When using eye drops, do not drive or operate machinery until vision is clear

Pregnancy

  • Can be used

Breastfeeding

  • Can be used

⚠️ Caution

  • Use may cause acute angle glaucoma in elderly, long sighted patients, and infants under 3 months